However, it has been evaluated by the scientific committee on toxicology, ecotoxicology and environment sctee in its opinion of 12 june 2001. Do not use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Toxicological profile for toluene agency for toxic substances cdc. In a study 58 of 15 patients with bilateral optic neuropathy secondary to toluene toxicity, treatment of all patients revealed that 6 patients had improved visual acuities of two or more lines, 3 of whom showed normal p100 peak latency in the pattern visual evoked cortical potentials. It has moderate acute shortterm toxicity on aquatic life. The environmental protection agency epa and the centers for disease control cdc agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr have performed extensive risk assessments more recently than osha for many of the chemicals regulated by osha in the occupational environment, including toluene. Toluene and xylene are strong compounds that are used in many household and industrial products. However, exposure to toluene may negatively affect kidney, liver, brain, heart, and nervous system functions.
The fetotoxic effects of toluene have been demonstrated in controlled studies in animals and are comparable to those observed in humans who have abused toluene containing products before or during pregnancy. Identification of the substancemixture and of the supplier. The crude toluene is then pumped through the vaporizer rated for 2. Toluene is added to gasoline, used to produce benzene, and used as a solvent. The hallmarks of toluene intoxication are hypokalemic paralysis and metabolic acidosis. The cns is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in humans and for both acute and chronic exposures. The acute phase effects of toluene on the brain have been investigated in this study using rabbit brain via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. Physical characteristics typical section 9 of sds sydney solvents pty ltd. Keep toluenecontaining products tightly covered when not in use to prevent evaporation. Toluene toxicological summary october 2019 minnesota. Page 2 of 16 msds toluene potential health effects repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. Toluene inhalation can lead to a toxic optic neuropathy.
In section 6, major conclusions in the characterization of hazard and dose response. Salicylates can competitively inhibit toluene metabolism. Exposure to toluene can cause eye and nose irritation, tiredness, confusion, euphoria, dizziness, headache, dilated pupils, tears, anxiety, muscle fatigue, insomnia, nerve damage. Toluene has caused membrane damage to the leaves in plants. A total of 20 male rabbits were used as control and experimental groups. A number of case reports describe neonatal effects that have. Pdf toluene is one of the most widely abused inhaled drugs due to its acute neurologic effects including euphoria and subsequent. Cyp2e1 seems to be the primary enzyme in the hydroxylation of toluene, accounting for roughly 44% of toluene metabolism. Change in the identification of reproductive toxicity endpoints in the listing of toluene as known to cause reproductive toxicity. The cns is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute and chronic exposures. Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines as well as jet fuel. Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources. The lists are not exhaustive and other solvents can be used and later added to the lists.
If your well water has high levels of toluene, contact your local or state health agency or the centers for disease control and prevention cdc for information on how to reduce your exposure. What are the most important things to know about toluene in an emergency. Toluene c7h8 chemical abstracts service cas number. Toluene is insoluble in water and spreads out on the surface of the water, even if the constituents may be dissolved.
Toluene methylbenzene, toluol, phenylmethane is an aromatic hydrocarbon c7 h8 commonly used as an industrial solvent for the manufacturing of paints, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and rubber. Toluene and xylene poisoning can occur when someone swallows these substances, breathes in their fumes, or when these substances touch the skin. Chemicals proposed for listing by the labor code mechanism reproductive and developmental. More recent data suggest reproductive effects, since rats exposed to toluene were found to have spermatic dysfunction ono et al. The substance is not regulated in an annex to the cosmetics directive nor has it been evaluated by the sccnfpsccp before. Chemicals listed effective august 7, 2009 as known to the state of california to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. Gasoline contains 5% to 7% toluene by weighty making toluene a common airborne contaminant in industrialized countries. Pdf acute toluene intoxicationclinical presentation, management. However, the tables are not a rule or the departments official statement of the cleanup levels.
Opinion of the scientific committee on consumer products. Ototoxicity is, quite simply, ear poisoning oto ear, toxicity poisoning, which results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve the nerve sending balance and hearing information from the. Toluene, reagent grade created by global safety management, inc. Most acute cases of toluene toxicity occur in young males aged 1119 years who participate in glue sniffing as a group activity, but cases have been reported in people in their 50s and 60s.
Toluene methylbenzene national pollutant inventory. Human studies have, in general, only reported minor changes in. Many organic solvents have great addictive potential. The low range of the odor threshold for toluene in water is 0. Acute shortterm exposure of humans to low or moderate levels of toluene can cause central nervous system.
Ventilate area or move container to a wellventilated area. Sections i health hazard assessments for noncarcinogenic. Medical neurotoxicity and mechanism of toluene abuse. Safety data sheet page 4 of 8 august 23, 2017 spread liquid with water. An increase in liver and kidney weights at a high dose 450 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight or mgkgday of toluene and toxicity to those organs at higher doses was observed in an oral exposure rat study. Submission ii on toluene2,5diamine was submitted in july 2005 by colipa. Groundwater and surface water cleanup target levels. Safety data sheet according to 29cfr19101200 and ghs rev. Although the department has made reasonable efforts to. General toxicity the main target organ of tolueneinduced toxicity is the central nervous system cns.
Environmental alert toluenes use is increasing partially because of its popularity as a solvent replacement for benzene. All atsdr toxicological profile pdf files are electronic conversions from paper copy or other electronic ascii text files. May be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. The organ primarily targeted by toluene toxicity for both shortterm and longterm exposures is the central nervous system. Background submission i on toluene2,5diamine was submitted in december 1979 by colipa1 according to colipa. If swallowed, may be aspirated and cause lung damage. It is not intended to be a comprehensive treatise on the chemical or toxicological nature of toluene. Toluene is a widely used industrial solvent, and humans may also have high exposures to toluene from the deliberate inhalation sniffing of paint reducer, paint thinner, or paint for their narcotic effects.
An interim sacrifice was carried out at 15 months on control and 1200 ppm groups 10sexgroup to conduct hematology and histopathology of the brain, liver, and kidney. Reacts chemically with nitrogen oxides, or halogens to form nitrotoluene. Toluene may lower the threshold of the heart to the effects of epinephrine, causing hypo or hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. Toluene at 86% by volume fuelled all the turbocharged engines in formula one during the 1980s, first pioneered by the honda team. The acute toxic effects following inhalation of toluene are summarised in the. See working with the information on this page section below for important notes about this data. Agency for toxic substances and disease reg istry atsdr 1989toluene toxicological pro file. This website and underlying databases are maintained. Under the guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment u. Toluene occupational safety and health administration. In this design, up to 20 mthr of crude toluene enters the feed tank at 60. Submission iii on toluene2,5diamine and its sulfate salt was submitted in october 2010 by colipa. Can toxicity be an effective treatment for toluene. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of toluene.
In the air it quickly is reacted into other chemicals, in the water and soil bacteria break it down. Toluene exposure has not been generally associated with liver toxicity 4,9, although acute fatty. Users are referred to the original paper copy of the toxicological profile for the official text, figures, and tables. Frozen bromine trifluoride reacts violently with toluene at 80 deg. Toluene is also an irritant to the skin and mucous membranes.
A toxicological profile for toluene, draft for public comment was released in. The first four seem to be involved in the hydroxylation of toluene to benzyl alcohol. Inhalation the acute toxic effects following inhalation of toluene are summarised in the table. Toluene vapours are irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. Other international regulations the information provided on this safety data sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date relates only to the specific material designated and may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other. Cns dysfunction which is often reversible and narcosis have been frequently observed in humans acutely exposed to low or moderate levels of toluene by inhalation. What are other names or identifying information for toluene. The acute neurological symptoms are accompanied by severe metabolic alterations, as well as organ injury and dysfunction. December 3, 2015 the dow chemical company page 2 of 8 in the aquatic and terrestrial environment, tdi reacts with water forming insoluble polyureas that are chemically and biologically inert. Toluene intoxication due to intentional inhalation is a common admission diagnosis in mexico and it can lead to death. Recommended limits of class 1 and 2 solvents or classification of solvents may change as.
The information contained in the groundwater and surface water cleanup target levels comparison table is provided to you as an aid in identifying changes in cleanup target levels. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors. There is a lowpressure steam coil in the 304 stainless steel feed tank. The central nervous system cns is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute shortterm and chronic longterm exposures. The changes to existing guidance were the result of 1 using mdhs most recent risk assessment methodology and 2 rounding to one significant digit. Studies in humans indicate that the common analgesics, acetaminophen and aspirin, might inhibit toluene metabolism and. Effects of acute toluene toxicity on different regions of. Department of health and human services, public health service. To generate toluene vapor, the liquid material was heated, and the vapor was diluted with nitrogen and mixed with the chamber ventilation air. It is safe or dangerous to use toxicity while suffering from toluene.
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